Brixton House of Correction

Overview

Details

Records

Overview

Prison Type   Local Prison -  House of Correction/Bridewell

Jurisdiction   County

Date opened   1820

Date closed   1852

Location   Jebb Avenue   Brixton

Map location   exact or closely approximate

County   Surrey

Critical Remarks

On its closure as a local prison in 1852, the site was purchased by the central government and converted into a convict prison (ID 1006).

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Prison Info

Prison Type   Local Prison

Jurisdiction   County

Date opened   1820

Date closed   1852

Location   Jebb Avenue   Brixton

Map location   exact or closely approximate
Lat.   51.451611  Long.   -0.12525

County   Surrey

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Critical Remarks

On its closure as a local prison in 1852, the site was purchased by the central government and converted into a convict prison (ID 1006).

Related Prisons

Prisoner Statistics

Year 1824

Annual Committed   -   1047

Daily Census   -   1047

Year 1828

Annual Committed   -   1340

Daily Census   -   161

Year 1833

Annual Committed   -   2767

Daily Census   -   224

Year 1838

Annual Confined   -   2923

Daily Census   -   258

Year 1843

Annual Confined   -   3930

Daily Census   -   261

Year 1848

Annual Confined   -   3636

Daily Daily average   -   382

Principal Primary Sources

  • [Second] Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1820), p.24; The Third Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1821), Appendix, p.74; Fourth Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1822), Appendix, p.58; Fifth Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1823), Appendix, p.109; Sixth Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1824), Appendix, p.134; Seventh Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1827), Appendix, p.138; Eighth Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1832), Appendix, p.42
  • Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1825, XXIII.1), p.260; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1826, XXIV.1), p.252; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1826-27, XIX.365), p.230; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1828, XX.327), p.266; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1829, XIX.1), p.236; Reports and Schedules Pursuant To Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1830, XXIV.1), p.235; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1830-31, XII.1), p.228; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1831-32. XXXIII.197), p.229; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1833, XXVIII.1), p.244; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1834, XLVI.1), p.230; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1835, XLIV.225), p.220; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1836, XLII.1), p.147; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1837, XLV.1), p.147; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1837-8, XLIII.227), p.154; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1839, XXXVIII.17), p.149; Reports Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1840, XXXVIII.1), p.156; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1841, XVIII.1), p.163; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1842, XXXII.1), p.165; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1843, XLIII.1), p.162; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1844, XXXIX.403), p.167; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1845, XXXVII.417), p.199; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1846, XXXIV.187), p.203; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1847, XLVII.297), p.208; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1847-48, LII.465), p.214
  • Abstract Return of Establishment and Expenditure of Gaols and Houses of Correction in England and Wales (Parl. Papers, 1840, XXXVIII.241), p.58
  • Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Third Report, Supplement (Parl. Papers, 1837-38, XXX.367), p.66; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Fourth Report (Parl. Papers, 1839, XXI.1), p.387; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Fifth Report (Parl. Papers, 1840, XXV.1), p.332; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Sixth Report (Parl. Papers, 1841 Session 2, IV.1), p.324; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Tenth Report (Parl. Papers, 1845, XXIII.1), p.549; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Fourteenth Report (Parl. Papers, 1850, XXVIII.1), p.50; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Fifteenth Report (Parl. Papers, 1851, XXVII.1), p.160

Secondary Sources

  • http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1107978; Christopher Impey, The House on the Hill. Brixton: London's Oldest Prison (Tangerine Press, 2019)

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Management

Archive name: East Riding of Yorkshire Archives and Local Studies Service

Catalogue ref: DDSA/1137

Collection: Saltmarshe family papers

Description: Papers relating to Brixton Gaol. Including a description of the building erected in 1819, the treadmills constructed in 1821, and of the routine, procedure etc. Also, prices charged for grinding.

Dates: 1823

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS2/6/1818-1852

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Management and administrative documents

Dates: 1800-1852

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS2/6

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Quarter Sessions Bundles. Continue up to 1888 and those for the period 1800-1829 are described in great detail in the online catalogue. Material relating to the administration of the county's prisons, including: reports of visiting magistrates; reports of chaplains, surgeons, governors; returns of prisoners, rules and regulations; staff appointments, conditions and dismissals; maintenance and alteration of buildings; prison conditions; prisoner petitions

Dates: 1800-1888

Finance

Archive name: Bedfordshire Archives and Records Service

Catalogue ref: P103/12/1

Collection: Hockliffe parish records, Bedfordshire

Description: Account book, with receipts 'from Treasurer of County for rects. of prisoners from Brixton House of Correction'

Dates: 1832-1834

Daily Business

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS2/6/1825/MID/35a-d

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Report list by the Surgeons of the sick prisoners in Houses of Correction at Guildford, Kingston, and Brixton, and County Gaol

Dates: 1825

Staff

Archive name: Lambeth Archives

Catalogue ref: IV/123

Collection: None

Description: Album of franked postal covers. Pasted in at the back is a copy testimonial recommending James Lea for Governor of the Brixton House of Correction.

Dates: 1832

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS2/6/1818-1852

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Petitions from Officials for increases in salary, letters of resignation, application or recommendation, and reports by Committees into conditions of employment

Dates: 1818-1852

Land & Buildings

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS2/6/1819/EA/73

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Letters and plan from ?Leverton, with his observations on the plans for a House of Correction at Brixton

Dates: 1819

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS2/6/1819/EP/60

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Report and considerations on plans to build a House of Correction on Brixton Hill

Dates: c.1819

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS5/4/5/25-27

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Correspondence and papers relating to the purchase of land adjoining House of Correction, Brixton, 1836

Dates: 1835-1836, 1852

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS5/4/5/31

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Correspondence and papers relating to the sale of Guildford, Kingston and Brixton Houses of Correction, 1852, including sale particulars for the Guildford and Brixton sites and schedules of deeds of the Guildford and Kingston sites

Dates: 1852

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS5/4/6/86-99, 102-109

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Plans of County Gaols and Sessions House, Brixton House of Correction

Dates: 1817-1844

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: QS5/7/7

Collection: Surrey Quarter Sessions

Description: Bundle of insurance policies for county premises, including Brixton House of Correction (1823), Brixton Gaol (1842)

Dates: 1823, 1842

Images

Archive name: Surrey History Centre

Catalogue ref: 2331/16/PART1/28

Collection: None

Description: View of the treadmill for the employment of prisoners, erected at the House of Correction at Brixton

Dates: c.1825

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