New Prison Clerkenwell

Overview

Details

Records

Overview

Alternative Names   Clerkenwell County Gaol, Clerkenwell Prison

Prison Type   Local Prison -  Common Gaol

Jurisdiction   County

Date opened   1685

Date closed   1886

Location   New Prison Walk (now St James's Walk), Clerkenwell   London, Clerkenwell

Map location   exact or closely approximate

County   Middlesex

Critical Remarks

County Gaol for Middlesex.

Prison Info

Alternative Names   Clerkenwell County Gaol, Clerkenwell Prison

Prison Type   Local Prison

Jurisdiction   County

Date opened   1685

Date closed   1886

Location   New Prison Walk (now St James's Walk), Clerkenwell   London, Clerkenwell

Map location   exact or closely approximate
Lat.   51.5247  Long.   -0.1061

County   Middlesex

Critical Remarks

County Gaol for Middlesex.

Prisoner Statistics

 

Year 1818

Annual Committed   -   3974

Daily Greatest number   -   301

 

Year 1824

Annual Committed   -   4736

Daily Census   -   75

 

Year 1828

Annual Committed   -   6804

Daily Census   -   183

 

Year 1833

Annual Committed   -   7984

Daily Census   -   319

 

Year 1838

Annual Confined   -   6069

Daily Census   -   130

 

Year 1843

Annual Confined   -   4164

Daily Census   -   94

 

Year 1848

Annual Confined   -   6328

Daily Daily average   -   122

 

Year 1853

Annual Confined   -   7963

Daily Daily average   -   215

 

Year 1858

Annual Committed   -   8527

Daily Daily average   -   250

 

Year 1863

Annual Committed   -   5743

Daily Greatest number   -   353

 

Year 1868

Annual Committed   -   6219

Daily Daily average   -   270

 

Year 1873

Annual Committed   -   5404

Daily Daily average   -   245

 

Year 1878

Annual Committed   -   7594

Daily Daily average   -   375

 

Year 1883

Annual Committed   -   8818

Daily Daily average   -   393

Principal Primary Sources

  • James Neild, The State of the Prisons of England, Scotland and Wales (London, 1812), p.135
  • Account of Gaols, Houses of Correction or Penitentiaries in the United Kingdom, 1818 (Parl. Papers, 1819, XVII.371), p.30
  • Fourth Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1822), Appendix, p.46; Fifth Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1823), Appendix, p.57; Sixth Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1824), Appendix, p.96; Seventh Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1827), Appendix, p.102; Eighth Report of the Committee of the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders (London, 1832), Appendix, p.28
  • Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1825, XXIII.1), p.170; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1826, XXIV.1), p.170; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1826-27, XIX.365), p.154; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1828, XX.327), p.181; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1829, XIX.1), p.161; Reports and Schedules Pursuant To Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1830, XXIV.1), p.162; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1830-31, XII.1), p.154; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1831-32. XXXIII.197), p.154; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1833, XXVIII.1), p.166; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1834, XLVI.1), p.155; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1835, XLIV.225), p.154; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1836, XLII.1), p.102; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1837, XLV.1), p.102; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1837-8, XLIII.227), p.105; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1839, XXXVIII.17), p.101; Reports Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1840, XXXVIII.1), p.110; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1841, XVIII.1), p.115; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1842, XXXII.1), p.116; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1843, XLIII.1), p.120; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1844, XXXIX.403), p.120; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1845, XXXVII.417), p.146; Reports and Schedules Pursuant to Gaol Acts (Parl. Papers, 1846, XXXIV.187), p.140
  • Abstract Return of Establishment and Expenditure of Gaols and Houses of Correction in England and Wales (Parl. Papers, 1840, XXXVIII.241), p.32
  • Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Second Report (Parl. Papers, 1837 XXXII.1), p.129; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Third Report, Supplement (Parl. Papers, 1837-38, XXX.367), p.40; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Fourth Report (Parl. Papers, 1839, XXI.1), p.284; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Fifth Report (Parl. Papers, 1840, XXV.1); Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Sixth Report (Parl. Papers, 1841 Session 2, IV.1), p.237; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Seventh Report (Parl. Papers, 1842, XX.1), p.155; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Tenth Report (Parl. Papers, 1845, XXIII.1), p.393; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Home District, Fourteenth Report (Parl. Papers, 1850, XXVIII.1), p.27; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Twenty-third Report (Parl. Papers, 1857-58, XXIX.69), p.52; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Twenty-fifth Report (Parl. Papers, 1860, XXXV.153), p.29; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Twenty-seventh Report (Parl. Papers, 1862, XXV.5), p.50; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Twenty-ninth Report (Parl. Papers, 1864, XXVI.1), p.46; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirtieth Report (Parl. Papers, 1865, XXIII.1), p.143; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirty-first Report (Parl. Papers, 1866, XXXVII.1), p.129; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirty-second Report (Parl. Papers, 1867-68, XXXIV.203), p.174; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirty-third Report (Parl. Papers, 1868-69, XXIX.1), p.120; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirty-fourth Report (Parl. Papers, 1870, XXXVII.1), p.132; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirty-fifth Report (Parl. Papers, 1871, XXIX.241), p.168; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirty-sixth Report (Parl. Papers, 1872, XXXI.1), p.99; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirty-seventh Report (Parl. Papers, 1873, XXXII.1), p.197; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirty-eighth Report (Parl. Papers, 1874, XXIX.1), p.221; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Thirty-ninth Report (Parl. Papers, 1875, XXXVII.1), p.239; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Fortieth Report (Parl. Papers, 1876, XXXV.1), p.239; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Forty-first Report (Parl. Papers, 1877, XLIII.1), p.243; Inspectors of Prisons of Great Britain I. Southern District, Forty-second Report (Parl. Papers, 1878, XLI.1), p.244
  • Commissioners of Prisons, Second Annual Report (Parl. Papers, 1878-79, XXXIV.1, 97), p.17; Commissioners of Prisons, Third Annual Report (Parl. Papers, 1880, XXXV.1,73), p.21; Commissioners of Prisons, Fourth Annual Report (Parl. Papers, 1881, LI.441, 521), p.23; Commissioners of Prisons, Fifth Annual Report (Parl. Papers, 1882, XXXIII.443, 541), p.26; Commissioners of Prisons, Sixth Annual Report (Parl. Papers, 1883, XXXI.445, 579), p.29; Commissioners of Prisons, Seventh Annual Report (Parl. Papers, 1884, XLII.461, 551), p.27; Commissioners of Prisons, Eighth Annual Report (Parl. Papers, 1884-85, XXXVII.527, 651), p.27; Commissioners of Prisons, Ninth Annual Report (Parl. Papers, 1886, XXXV.1, 93), p.25; Commissioners of Prisons, Tenth Annual Report (Parl. Papers, 1887, XLI.203, 335), p.n/a

Additional Primary Sources

  • Henry Mayhew and John Binny, The Criminal Prisons of London and Scenes of Prison Life (London, 1862), pp. 611-634

Secondary Sources

  • https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/london-metropolitan-archives/visitor-information/Documents/59-prison-records.pdf; 'Clerkenwell Close area: Middlesex House of Detention site, and other buildings', in Survey of London: Volume 46, South and East Clerkenwell, ed. Philip Temple (London, 2008), pp. 54-71. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol46/pp54-71.

Management

Archive name: West Yorkshire Archive Service, Wakefield

Catalogue ref: C118/53

Collection: Wakefield Prison records 

Description: Chaplain's reports (of Clerkenwell Prison)

Dates: 1874-1886


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/D/G/055-058

Collection: Middlesex Sessions of the Peace: Deeds and Contracts, Prisons

Description: Contracts for the supply of goods and provisions at the three Middlesex Prisons

Dates: 1836-1864


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/RS/01/411-549

Collection: Middlesex Sessions of the Peace: County Administration

Description: Reports to Middlesex Sessions

Dates: 1847-1878


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MJ/SP

Collection: Middlesex Sessions of the Peace: Court in Session

Description: Sessions papers. Documents on the administration of the Middlesex prisons. Include reports from Visiting Justices, governors, chaplains, surgeons; special reports on prison conditions and prison (re) construction or alterations; prisoner numbers and statistics; prison dietaries.

Dates: 1550-1903


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/G/CBF/011-013

Collection: House of Correction, Cold Bath Fields

Description: Draft minutes, Visiting Justices

Dates: 1824-1839


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/G/CLE/0001-0023, 0028

Collection: New Prison Clerkenwell

Description: Committee of Visiting Justices minutes

Dates: 1837-1878


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/G/CLE/0034-0177, 0204-6200

Collection: New Prison Clerkenwell

Description: Working papers of the Visiting Justices

Dates: 1859-1876


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/G/CLE/023, 178-204

Collection: New Prison Clerkenwell

Description: Reports (and related papers) of the Visiting Justices

Dates: 1859-1867


Archive name: East Sussex Record Office

Catalogue ref: GWY/1/1/4/11

Collection: None

Description: Reports of Visiting Justices of Houses of Correction at Westminster, Clerkenwell and Cold Bath Fields. Returns for the Houses of Detention at Clerkenwell and Cold Bath Fields.

Dates: 1869


Archive name: The National Archives

Catalogue ref: PCOM2/463

Collection: Prison Commission

Description: Clerkenwell Prison (House of Correction), Middlesex: Visiting Committee: minutes

Dates: 1878-1886


Finance

Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/D/G/059-066

Collection: Middlesex Sessions of the Peace: Deeds and Contracts, Prisons

Description: Mortgages on the county rates for building and enlarging Clerkenwell House of Detention

Dates: 1830-1871


Daily Business

Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/G/CLE/0029-0031

Collection: New Prison Clerkenwell

Description: Letter books

Dates: 1873-1877


Staff

Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/G/CLE/0024-0027

Collection: New Prison Clerkenwell

Description: Lists of prison Officers, their time record and pass books

Dates: 1847-1863


Archive name: Hampshire Archives and Local Studies

Catalogue ref: 26M62/F/C751

Collection: None

Description: Letter to Lord Calthorpe from St Martin's Vicarage, Hemel Hampstead and Chelsea. Three testimonials to the suitability of the Reverend John Ousby as a Chaplain to the Prison at Clerkenwell.

Dates: 1823


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/G/CLE/6201

Collection: New Prison Clerkenwell

Description: Petition from prison officers asking for a wage increase.

Dates: c.1845


Prisoners

Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: CLA/003/MC/01/001

Collection: HM Prison Holloway

Description: Register of prisoners for trial (including prisoners received from Cold Bath Fields)

Dates: 1876-1877


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/G/CLE/6202- 6203

Collection: New Prison Clerkenwell

Description: Papers concerning the resolution of Visiting Justices in the case of Thomas Henry Hocker, examined for murder before a Coroner's inquest

Dates: 1845


Land & Buildings

Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/D/G/041-054

Collection: Middlesex Sessions of the Peace: Deeds and Contracts, Prisons

Description: Contracts for enlargement, renovations, alterations, rebuilding

Dates: 1819-1930


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/DCP/G/028-035

Collection: Middlesex Sessions of the Peace: Plans of County Prisons

Description: Rebuilding plans

Dates: 1846-1870


Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives

Catalogue ref: MA/G/CLE/004

Collection: New Prison Clerkenwell

Description: Plan of the recently built prison as printed in 'The Builder'

Dates: c.1847


Archive name: Kent History & Library Centre

Catalogue ref: P192/19/2

Collection: Horsmonden parish records

Description: Overseers, miscellaneous correspondence, including ground plan of the new prison at Clerkenwell 

Dates: 1818


Other

Archive name: Carlisle Archive Centre

Catalogue ref: WDMDS/PC/17/88

Collection: Mile Davis-Shiels papers

Description: Article in Westmorland Gazette newspaper 'Treadmill, London'. Original caption by Mike Davies-Shiel: - Treadmills in Clerkenwell House of Correction. 3 wheels. 

Dates: 1872