Alternative Names Millbank Penitentiary (includes Shorncliffe Barracks, 1849-52)
Prison Type Convict Prison
Date opened 1816
Date closed 1886 [1890]
Location Pimlico London, Pimlico
Map location exact or closely approximate
County Middlesex
First opened as a penitentiary, for convicts sentenced to terms of imprisonment, or for those sentenced to transportation but had their sentences commuted to imprisonment because they seemed promising material. A cholera outbreak in 1824 meant the prison closed for a short period and the prisoners sent to specially commissioned hulks at Woolwich, the men to the Dromedary (2050) and the Ethalion, and the women to the Narcissus and the Heroine. The Millbank Prison Act 1843 converted the penitentiary into a prison, intended to serve the purpose of a depot for receiving newly convicted felons before dispatching them to other convict prisons, hulks or transport ships to serve their sentences. In 1849, Millbank’s function changed again and it began to be used for male convicts serving the first (probationary) part of their sentence in separate confinement as well as for those who were in need of another period of separate confinement after misbehaviour at public works prisons (ie. penal class). Female convicts continued to be confined here, all females until the opening of Brixton Prison in 1853, when it was restricted to probationary and penal classes. Between 1849-52, a cholera outbreak at the prison led to the removal of part of the establishment to Shorncliff Barracks in Kent. In 1870-71, the number of male convicts confined for any time in Millbank was dramatically reduced, in practice limited to who professed to be Roman Catholics and in the probationary class, as well as a small number of all religious persuasions serving the last part of their sentence. At the same time, several pentagons were appropriated for military prisoners. In 1880, Millbank was selected to receive “star class” convicts (those with no previous convictions) for their probationary period. In 1882, it was decided to convert Millbank into a local prison for use until the completion of Wormwood Scrubs (see IDs 1012 and 633): military prisoners were removed to Brixton Prison (ID 1006, lately transferred to the War Office); male convicts in separate confinement were sent to Wormwood Scrubs (leaving only those involved in industries); local prisoners began to be received from October 1883; and female convicts were removed in 1884. On 1 May 1886, Millbank was officially handed over to the local prison authorities and its convict function ended (see ID 276).
Alternative Names Millbank Penitentiary (includes Shorncliffe Barracks, 1849-52)
Prison Type Convict Prison
Date opened 1816
Date closed 1886 [1890]
Location Pimlico London, Pimlico
Map location exact or closely approximate
Lat. 51.491389 Long. -0.128889
County Middlesex
Image Attribution 'Bird's-eye view of Millbank Prison', in Mayhew and Binny, Criminal Prisons of London (1862), p. 232.
First opened as a penitentiary, for convicts sentenced to terms of imprisonment, or for those sentenced to transportation but had their sentences commuted to imprisonment because they seemed promising material. A cholera outbreak in 1824 meant the prison closed for a short period and the prisoners sent to specially commissioned hulks at Woolwich, the men to the Dromedary (2050) and the Ethalion, and the women to the Narcissus and the Heroine. The Millbank Prison Act 1843 converted the penitentiary into a prison, intended to serve the purpose of a depot for receiving newly convicted felons before dispatching them to other convict prisons, hulks or transport ships to serve their sentences. In 1849, Millbank’s function changed again and it began to be used for male convicts serving the first (probationary) part of their sentence in separate confinement as well as for those who were in need of another period of separate confinement after misbehaviour at public works prisons (ie. penal class). Female convicts continued to be confined here, all females until the opening of Brixton Prison in 1853, when it was restricted to probationary and penal classes. Between 1849-52, a cholera outbreak at the prison led to the removal of part of the establishment to Shorncliff Barracks in Kent. In 1870-71, the number of male convicts confined for any time in Millbank was dramatically reduced, in practice limited to who professed to be Roman Catholics and in the probationary class, as well as a small number of all religious persuasions serving the last part of their sentence. At the same time, several pentagons were appropriated for military prisoners. In 1880, Millbank was selected to receive “star class” convicts (those with no previous convictions) for their probationary period. In 1882, it was decided to convert Millbank into a local prison for use until the completion of Wormwood Scrubs (see IDs 1012 and 633): military prisoners were removed to Brixton Prison (ID 1006, lately transferred to the War Office); male convicts in separate confinement were sent to Wormwood Scrubs (leaving only those involved in industries); local prisoners began to be received from October 1883; and female convicts were removed in 1884. On 1 May 1886, Millbank was officially handed over to the local prison authorities and its convict function ended (see ID 276).
Year 1818
Annual -
Daily Census - 232
Year 1824
Annual -
Daily Census - 147
Year 1828
Annual Confined - 836
Daily Census - 694
Year 1833
Annual Confined - 765
Daily Census - 614
Year 1838
Annual Confined - 1356
Daily Census - 536
Year 1843
Annual Confined - 2647
Daily Census - 1043
Year 1848
Annual Confined - 5266
Daily Census - 1416
Year 1853
Annual Confined - 2513
Daily Census - 1252
Year 1858
Annual Confined - 3471
Daily Census - 867
Year 1863
Annual Confined - 3751
Daily Census - 1017
Year 1868
Annual Confined - 2206
Daily Census - 1008
Year 1873
Annual Confined - 4084
Daily Census - 1069
Year 1878
Annual Confined - 3768
Daily Census - 1022
Year 1883
Annual Confined - 531
Daily Census - 172
Archive name: Norfolk Record Office
Catalogue ref:
Collection:
Description: Draft letter from Elizabeth Fry to Lord John Russell, re state of prison in Jersey, and re permission to visit women in Mill Bank Penitentiary
Dates: 1835
Archive name: Norfolk Record Office
Catalogue ref: MC 234/14, 678X7
Collection: Quaker letters
Description: Draft letter from Elizabeth Fry to Lord John Russell, re state of prison in Jersey, and re permission to visit women in Mill Bank Penitentiary
Dates: 1835
Archive name: The National Archives
Catalogue ref: HO 21/1
Collection: Home Office
Description: Prisons entry books, series I, Millbank
Dates: 1847-1849
Archive name: The National Archives
Catalogue ref: PCOM 2/164
Collection: Prison Commission
Description: Millbank Prison, Middlesex. Book of questions, suggestions etc.
Dates: 1855-1863
Archive name: The National Archives
Catalogue ref: PCOM 7/223
Collection: Prison Commission
Description: Warrants constituting and appointing Convict Prisons etc. Millbank
Dates: 1853
Archive name: Hampshire Archives and Local Studies
Catalogue ref: Q28/4/9
Collection: Hampshire Quarter Sessions
Description: Specimen contract between the Governor of the General Penitentiary at Millbank, Middlesex and a supplier of goods for the convicts in the Penitentiary
Dates: 1816
Archive name: Norfolk Record Office
Catalogue ref: C/Saa 1/25
Collection: Norfolk Quarter Sessions
Description: Letters to the Visiting Justices. Concerning a proposed dietary for Norwich Castle, and a form on the removal to Millbank Prison of convicts sentenced to transportation.
Dates: 1843
Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives
Catalogue ref: MA/G/GEN/1302-1306
Collection: Middlesex Sessions of the Peace
Description: List of offenders sentenced to transportation by the Justices of Middlesex and Westminster, confined in Newgate and then conveyed by the Keeper of Newgate to the Millbank Penitentiary, or to Convict Ships and Hulks. With the Keeper's claim for fees, filed with 11 receipts for the prisoners from the Penitentiary, Ships and Hulks.
Dates: 1831-1840
Archive name: The National Archives
Catalogue ref: HO 24/1-11
Collection: Home Office
Description: Millbank Prison registers, male prisoners, volumes 1-11
Dates: 1843-1874
Archive name: The National Archives
Catalogue ref: HO 24/12-14
Collection: Home Office
Description: Millbank Prison registers, female prisoners, volumes 1-3
Dates: 1843-1874
Archive name: The National Archives
Catalogue ref: PCOM 2/165
Collection: Prison Commission
Description: Millbank Prison, Middlesex, register of deaths and inquests
Dates: 1848-1863
Archive name: The National Archives
Catalogue ref: PCOM 2/21-57
Collection: Prison Commission
Description: Millbank Prison, Middlesex, register of prisoners
Dates: 1843-1886
Archive name: The National Archives
Catalogue ref: PCOM 2/60
Collection: Prison Commission
Description: Millbank Prison, Middlesex, register of prisoners
Dates: 1816-1826
Archive name: London Metropolitan Archives
Catalogue ref: ACC/1865/001
Collection: Millbank Prison
Description: Pardons for several prisoners awaiting transportation
Dates: 1824-1825
Archive name: Portsmouth History Centre
Catalogue ref: 780A/1/11/3/12
Collection: Wiltshire family, formerly of Hayling Manor, Hayling Island, Hampshire
Description: Section showing comparative level of buildings of Penitentiary and of river at high and low water from report from Select Committee on Penitentiary at Millbank. Drawn by John Basire.
Dates: 1824
Archive name: Surrey History Centre
Catalogue ref: 1262/45-48
Collection: Diaries of Edward Ryde, Freelance Surveyor
Description: Refers to valuation and sale of Millbank and Fulham Prisons (1888-1891)
Dates: 1888-1891